Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities, Therapeutic Potential and Future Perspectives of Triphala – A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Triphala is one of the most widely used polyherbal formulations in Ayurveda and consists of three medicinal fruits: Emblica officinalis (Amla), Terminalia chebula (Haritaki), and Terminalia bellirica (Bibhitaki). For centuries, Triphala has been utilized for the prevention and treatment of various diseases due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and anticancer properties. The therapeutic potential of Triphala is attributed to its rich phytochemical composition, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, gallic acid, ellagic acid, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, and emblicanins. Recent scientific investigations have validated many traditional claims and highlighted the potential of Triphala as a source of novel bioactive compounds for modern drug discovery. This review summarizes the phytochemical profile, pharmacological activities, therapeutic applications, clinical evidence, safety aspects, and future prospects of Triphala. The available literature suggests that Triphala represents a promising herbal formulation with significant potential for integration into evidence-based healthcare systems.